社区型商业与邻里交往空间的设计思路

The Design Idea of Community Business and Neighborhood Communication Space

——社区商业现状

——Commercial Business Status

随着云平台的日渐发达，各类大型商业综合体因线上销售的冲击，为了不成为时代进化的牺牲品，不得不各自寻找出路，进化出各类形态以符合时代潮流，无论是主打时间消费的沉浸式购物中心、还是主打文化消费的艺术展馆式的购物中心、又或是以不同消费者圈层而打造出的各类主题商业，都在竭尽全力以不同的方式与消费者产生共鸣、形成话题、寻求关注。

With the development of cloud platforms, various large-scale commercial complexes have to find their own way out of the evolution of the times because of the impact of online sales. Immersive shopping malls, art mall-style shopping malls that focus on cultural consumption, or various themed businesses created by different consumer circles and all try their best to resonate with consumers in different ways, form topics and seek attention.

但在商业大环境如此激烈的竞争中唯有社区型商业独占一片相对的平静，不需过分的吸引眼球、增加话题，仍能专注于消费者的基本需求——社区商业满足的是处于心理需求金字塔底端的两种需求，既生存需求和安全需求，生存代表着产品需求，衣食住行中的衣食需要得到保障，因此超市、餐厅是社区型商业的两大主要业态。随着中国开放二胎，低龄儿童的增加也再次推起了发展儿童教育及娱乐的热潮，作为步行距离可达的社区商业也将儿童培训和娱乐加入到其主要业态的清单之中。而在疫情当中更是凸显了社区商业的重要性，当大型商场、娱乐场所、公共交通都停止运行的时候，社区商业承担了所有周边居民的生活需求。

However, in such fierce competition in the business environment, only community-based business centres are relatively calm, not relying on excessive eye-catching and specialist interests. They can still focus on the basic needs of consumers-community businesses and meet their psychological needs. The two needs at the bottom of the pyramid are both survival needs and safety needs. Survival represents the demand for products, including food and clothing with housing and adequate and convenent transportation guaranteed. Therefore, supermarkets and restaurants are the two main formats of community-based commerce. With the opening of the second-child policy in China, the increase of young children has once again pushed up the development of children's education and entertainment. As a community business within walking distance, children's training and entertainment have also been added to its list of major formats. In the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of community commerce is also highlighted. When large shopping malls, entertainment venues, and public transportation are stopped, community commerce bears the living needs of all surrounding residents.

——邻里交往空间

——Neighborhood Communication Space

而在社区商业满足其“大型基本配套服务设施中心”的基本要求以后，一个成熟优益的社区商业需尽可能满足周遭居民的社交需求。使其能进一步的为社区提升品质，创造条件。让所有人能再走出家门时，在步行距离中能有一个提供一杯咖啡、一片草地、几个座位、或者一个能跳跳舞、打打羽毛球的并且不会打扰周遭居民的场所。

这个场所则是依附于社区商业中邻里交往空间，他是设计社区商业时最能提升其品质的一个重要元素，就像前面说的社区商业与其它大型商业中心不同，他是服务于社区的商业，不需要高技的造型来吸引眼球（当然也要做到在成本可接受的前提下尽可能的独树一帜），因此从建筑设计层面来说，附属于主商业空间的交往空间则成为了社区商业设计点睛的一笔。

After community business meets the basic requirements of its "large-scale basic supporting service facility center", a mature and advantageous community business needs to meet the social needs of the surrounding residents as much as possible. It can further improve the quality and create conditions for the community. When everyone can walk out of the house again, there will be a place within walking distance that provides a cup of coffee, a piece of grass, a few seats, or a place that can dance, play badminton and not disturb the residents around.

This place is attached to the neighborhood communication space in the community business. It is an important element that can enhance the quality of the community business when designing it. It does not require high-tech modeling to attract attention (of course, it must be as unique as possible under the premise of acceptable cost), therefore, from the perspective of architectural design, the communication space attached to the main commercial space becomes the highlight of the community commercial design.

——“交往空间”的设计思路

——Design Idea of "Communication Space"

从宏观来看，“交往空间”也是建筑的“灰空间”，在观看建筑主体时，灰空间会让观看者的视觉得到一定的喘息，更具节奏感；而从微观来看，这样的“灰空间”是建筑直接与造访者对话的主要区域，而建筑本身更多的是与街道和城市的对话。因此“交往空间”的设计尺度也应是以人的尺度为主体，需要考虑人的五感、心理、以及周边居民活动的潜规则等等来营造不同氛围，不同尺度、和不同用途的空间。

From a macro perspective, the "communicating space" is also the "grey space" of the building. When viewing the main body of the building, the gray space will give the viewer a certain pause and a sense of rhythm; from a microscopic perspective, such a "Grey space" is the main area where the building directly talks with visitors, and the building itself is more a dialogue with the street and the city. Therefore, the design scale of the "interaction space" should also be based on the human scale. It is necessary to consider the human five senses, psychology, and the hidden rules of the surrounding residents' activities to create spaces with different atmospheres, different scales, and different uses.

举例来说五感，既形、声、闻、味、触五种人的感觉方式。要在“交往空间”设计中考虑到五感需要对材质、景观、空间进行深入的推敲，细细思考人在这个空间中会看见什么样的视觉中心、是否感受到的由空间带来的安全感、闻到的是花香或者是食物的香气、希望人们坐在供休息的石台或木凳上从指间传来的是什么样的触感、将会听见的是嘈杂的街道噪音还是商铺里传出的丝丝音乐。不同的考虑将会给不同的空间带来不同的定性和体验，从而设计的思路也会更加清晰。

For example, the five senses are shape, sound, smell, taste and touch. To consider the five senses in the design of the "communication space", it is necessary to carry out in-depth consideration of materials, landscapes and spaces. Carefully consider what kind of visual center people will see in this space and whether they feel the sense of security brought by the space , Smell the smell of flowers or the smell of food, what kind of touch do you expect people to sit on the stone bench or wooden bench for rest, will you hear whether it is noisy street noise or shops Out of the music. Different considerations will bring different qualities and experiences to different spaces, so that the design ideas will be more clear.

再例如考虑周边居民的活动潜规则。不同的区域的地段都居住着不同层级的居民，需要充分考虑每一个项目地块的独有性和特征，才能给出最符合市场的答案。如北京城市中心居民和城市近郊居民需求的区别，城市中心的居民大多数为年轻人和租户，他们的生活更多的是在大都市中紧张的两点一线模式，对于他们来说可能需要的不是满地开花的奶茶店或者巨大的城市级广场，但一个相对私有的区域更能给他们带来更多的归属感，例如一条藏于建筑间的夜间步行街，或者一个晚上也能上去的屋顶音乐平台。

As another example, consider the unspoken rules of activities of surrounding residents. Residents of different levels are inhabited in different areas. It is necessary to fully consider the uniqueness and characteristics of each project plot in order to give the answer that is most in line with the market. For example, the difference between the needs of residents in the city center of Beijing and those in the suburbs of the city. Most of the residents in the city center are young people and tenants. Their lives are more of a tense two-point line model in the metropolis, which may be needed for them. Not a milk tea shop or a huge city-level plaza, but a relatively private area can give them more sense of belonging, such as a night pedestrian street hidden in the building, or a roof that can also go up at night Music platform.

而居住在城市近郊的居民大多数为成组的家庭，加上在近郊的不繁华，社区商业给他们营造一个安全的，灯光较为明亮的安全活动区域更为重要，能相约在一个明亮的广场上跳跳广场舞，不想开车很久到市中心时能在周围找到一片区域打打羽毛球，带着孩子骑骑自行车，这样的空间或许更能吸引人们的到来。

Most of the residents living in the suburbs of the city are groups of families. As the non-prosperity in the suburbs, community business creates a safe and brightly lit safe activity area for them. It is more important to meet in a bright square. You can have a square dance, find an area nearby to play badminton if you do not want to drive to the city center for a long time, and take the children to ride a bicycle, so this space may be more attractive to people.

撰文：赵岳 - 建筑工作室一室总监

Written by: Zhao Yue - Arch. Stduio 1, Director